1. Submission Format

All articles should be submitted electronically, in Word format.

2. No Footnotes, Superscripts or Subscripts

No footnotes, superscripts or subscripts should be used in the article. Endnotes are allowed. Endnotes should be grouped together and placed at the end of the article as part of the regular text. Numbering of endnotes should be accomplished by placing numbers (surrounded by square brackets) in the regular text instead of inserting superscripts or subscripts. For example:

"China has 1.2 billion people. [1]"

3. Word Limit

All submitted articles should be within the 2,000-10,000 word limit. Exceptions can only be made with the consent of at least one Co-Editor.

4. Spaces after Periods

There should be TWO spaces after each period (instead of one space), that is:

You are an editor. I am an editor.

Instead of:

You are an editor. I am an editor.

So the rule is: ONE space after each comma, TWO spaces after each period.

5. Arabic Numbers

Try to avoid arabic numbers. Write out the English instead. For example, "35" should be "thirty five," "200" should be "two hundred."

If an arabic number has to be used, commas should be used to the extent possible: 1,234, 2,000,000, etc.

6. Decimals

A zero should be used before the decimal fractions: 0.01, 0.12, etc. (NOT .01, .12, etc.)

Try to preserve consistency. If three decimal digits are used at one place, then it should be used throughout the article: 0.234, 0.500, 0.670, etc.

7. Quotation Marks

At the end of one sentence or a half sentence, if a period or comma appears at the same place as the second half of a quotation mark (the "closing quotation mark"), the period/comma should be INSIDE the closing quotation mark (instead of being outside). That is:

"good. haha." and "bad, haha,"

Instead of:

"good. haha". or "bad, haha",

This rule applies regardless of whether the quoted language is a full sentence, a half sentence, or simply a phrase.

8. Initials/Shorthands

Initials and shorthands should be avoided to the extent possible. For example, "U.S." should be "the United States," "Jan." should be "January," "Oct. 27" should be "October 27," "WTO" should be "the World Trade Organization," etc.

One exception: If a term appears in the text very frequently, and if the term has a common initial/shorthand, then the initial/shorthand can be used in the text. Even in this case, however, the complete term should be spelled out when it appears for the first time in the text and the initial/shorthand should be defined at that time. For example, if "WTO" is used frequently in the article and it is a common shorthand, then "the World Trade Organization" should be used when it appears for the first time, and a shorthand definition should be given in a parenthesis at that time, indicating that the shorthand will be used in what follows. That is, when it appears for the first time in the text, it should be "the World Trade Organization (WTO)." Please note that this exception does not applies to generic word such as "January," "February," etc. For these generic words, NO shorthand is allowed in the text, no matter how frequently they appear.

9. Split Infinitives

No split infinitives should be used (that is, no adverbs between "to" and a verb). For example, "to do it successfully," instead of "to successfully do it."

10. Modifications in Quotes

When something is quoted but some modifications of the quoted language are needed to make the quote fit into the context, the modifications should be enclosed by a bracket "[ ... ]" For example, the original text is "I am going to that place." When the author quotes, it becomes:

.... Paul says that "I am going to [India]." ...

11. Cites

Since footnotes are not to be used, all cites should be in parentheses as in the following format. Please note that there is a comma between the author and the year of publication, and another comma between the year and the page number. Please also note that any period or comma of the actual text should be after the parenthesis.

Example:

Evidence shows that Mike is an idiot (Thompson, 1990, pp. 45-48).

12. Author's Affiliation

Author's affiliation should be listed at the end of the article, but before the references.

13. References

References at the end of the article are not required. If there are no references at the end of the article, the author should cite the complete authority in the text.

At the author's election, references may be listed at the end of the article (after author's affiliation). They should be numbered from 1 up, in alphabetic order (based on the first letter of the first author's last name).

The format of each reference should be exactly as the following examples. Please note that there is a period after the authors' names; the first author's (and ONLY the first author's) last name is listed first; there is a quotation mark around a journal article title; there is a period at the end of each journal article title; there is NO quotation mark around a book title; a journal's volumn number is listed immediately after the journal's name and the journal's year is in a parenthesis after the column number; for a journal article, the page numbers are listed at the end (after the journal title, volumn and year); for a book, the name of the publisher is listed after the book title, with the year of publication listed at the end.

Example 1: journal article

Oliver, Pamela E., Gerald Marwell and Ruy Teixerxa. "A Theory of the Critical Masses. I: Interdependence, Group Heterogeneity and the Production of Collective Action." American Journal of Sociology 91 (1985): 522-56.

Example 2: book

Branch, Taylor. Parting the Waters: America in the King Years. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1988.

Example 3: article in an edited book

Jomo, K. S. and E. T. Gomez. "Rents and Development in Multiethnic Malaysia." In The Role of Government in East Asian Economic Development: Comparative Institutional Analysis, ed. Masahiko Aoki, Hyung-ki Kim and Masahiro Okuno-Fujiwara. Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1997.